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The emerging obesity epidemic and accompanying health consequences led The Obesity Society (TOS) in 2008 to publish a position paper defining obesity as a disease. Since then, new information has emerged on the underlying mechanisms leading to excess adiposity and the associated structural, cardiometabolic, and functional disturbances. This report presents the updated TOS 2018 position statement on...
Objective
Rapid eating is a risk factor for childhood obesity but has not been a focus of intervention with young children. The short‐term effects of a novel family‐based treatment, “Reduced Eating Pace” (RePace), were tested on child eating speed and secondary outcomes.
Methods
Twenty‐eight rapid eating children were randomized to RePace (n = 14) or Delayed Usual Care Control (DUC) (n = 14)...
Objective
This study aimed to determine the relation of maternal prepregnancy weight with offspring BMI across adulthood from almost 40 years of follow‐up.
Methods
BMI was measured in Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort participants between 1971 and 2008. The association of maternal prepregnancy weight category (ascertained via direct measure and questionnaire) with serial offspring BMI, overweight,...
Objective
This study aimed to assess associations between neighborhood typologies classified across multiple neighborhood domains and cardiometabolic pregnancy outcomes and determine variation in effectiveness of a mindfulness‐based stress‐reduction intervention on outcomes across neighborhood types.
Methods
Neighborhoods of participants in the Maternal Adiposity Metabolism and Stress (MAMAS)...
Objective
High BMI predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes and positively correlates with increased levels of adipokines. The relationship among BMI, IL‐6, TNFα, adiponectin, and oxidized high‐density lipoprotein (Ox‐HDL) with circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has not been well studied. Elevated CEC levels have been described in both humans and mice with...
Objective
The study objective was to investigate factors associated with resilience to rapid weight gain (RWG) among predominantly bottle‐fed infants.
Methods
Data came from 1,353 mothers who participated in the Infant Feeding Practices Study 2. Mothers completed a prenatal questionnaire and monthly surveys of infant feeding and growth between birth and 12 months. Infants were classified as resilient...
Objective
With increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), effective strategies to prevent NASH are needed. This study investigated whether the consumption of blackcurrant (Ribesnigrum) can prevent the development of obesity‐induced NASH invivo.
Methods
Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low‐fat control diet, a low‐fat diet with 6% whole blackcurrant powder, an obesogenic high‐fat/high‐sucrose...
Objective
Bariatric surgery may ameliorate renal function through vascular mechanisms. This study tested surgery’s ability to improve measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) and identified clinical, renal, and systemic vascular predictors of such improvement.
Methods
Twenty‐five nondiabetic subjects with severe obesity were studied before and 1 year after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, evaluating...
Objective
The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the OPTIFAST program (OP), a total meal replacement dietary intervention, compared with a food‐based (FB) dietary plan for weight loss.
Methods
Participants with BMI 30 to 55 kg/m2, age 18 to 70 years old, were randomized to OP or FB dietary and lifestyle interventions for 26 weeks, followed by a weight‐maintenance phase. Outcomes...
Adipose tissue, once viewed as an inert organ of energy storage, is now appreciated to be a central node for the dynamic regulation of systemic metabolism. There are three general types of adipose tissue: white, brown, and brown‐in‐white or “beige” fat. All three types of adipose tissue communicate extensively with other organs in the body, including skin, liver, pancreas, muscle, and brain, to maintain...
Objective
This study aimed to assess whether alcohol consumption decreases during an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and whether alcohol consumption is associated with weight loss among participants with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Methods
Participants (n = 4,901) were from the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study, a randomized controlled trial that compared an...
Objective
The goal of this study was to determine whether newborn concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and bisphenol A (BPA) are associated with early childhood growth.
Methods
A total of 1,954 singletons and 966 twins from the Upstate KIDS Study (born 2008‐2010) were included in this study. Newborn dried blood spot concentrations of PFOS, PFOA,...
Objective
This study examined the associations of central obesity measures, waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC), in early pregnancy with subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and evaluated the potential mediating role of insulin resistance markers.
Methods
Within the prospective Pregnancy Environment and Lifestyle Study cohort of 1,750 women, WC and hip circumference...
Objective
Leucine was previously demonstrated to allosterically activate mammalian sirtuin 1 and synergize with other sirtuin 1/AMP‐activated protein kinase/nitric oxide pathway activators to modulate energy metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a triple combination of leucine, metformin, and sildenafil (NS‐0200) on body weight and obesity comorbidities in a phase...
Objective
This study aims to describe geographic variation in veterans’ prevalence of obesity, participation in Veterans Health Administration’s behavioral weight management program (MOVE!), and receipt of bariatric surgery in fiscal year (FY) 2016.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study of veterans with obesity who received Veterans Health Administration care in FY2016, electronic health record...
Objective
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. This study assessed pegbelfermin (BMS‐986036), recombinant PEGylated human fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), in patients with obesity and T2DM predisposed to fatty liver.
Methods
In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, patients...
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